Non-Destructive pXRF on Prehistoric Obsidian Artifacts from the Central Mediterranean

Volcanic obsidian was widely used in ancient times for stone tools, with its highly glassy nature making it sharper than other lithics cutting purposes. In Europe and the Mediterranean, there are just several island sources, a few one inland region, all having been since beginning of Neolithic period, ca. 6000 BCE. Maritime transport necessary access to Italian Greek distribution artifacts over distances up 1000 km. While elemental analyses were identifying specific sources starting 1960s, development non-destructive especially portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometers has revolutionized number tested 2010, allowing statistically significant numbers potential comparisons based on variables including time open-water distance, visual physical properties, cultural contexts. One overall accomplishment is documentation long-distance travel routes Tyrrhenian Adriatic Seas central proportions quantity from different geological apparently following down-the-line prehistoric exchange system. The spread Palmarola much greater previously thought, while Malta, Pantelleria specifically selected burial accompaniments Gozo.